# Finding the formulas for areas of triangles

In this post I’ll be demonstrating how one can derive the three formulas which can be used to find the areas of triangles.

These formulas are in fact:

$A=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } bc\cdot \sin { \left( A \right) } =\frac { 1 }{ 2 } ac\cdot \sin { \left( B \right) =\frac { 1 }{ 2 } } ab\cdot \sin { \left( C \right) }$

To begin with, let’s start by looking at the diagram below:

Now, if you look at the diagram carefully – you will notice that the area of the triangle is:

$A=\frac { x\cdot CN }{ 2 } +\frac { \left( c-x \right) \cdot CN }{ 2 }$

This can be simplified into:

$\frac { x\cdot CN }{ 2 } +\frac { \left( c-x \right) \cdot CN }{ 2 } \\ \\ =\frac { x\cdot CN+\left( c-x \right) \cdot CN }{ 2 } \\ \\ =\frac { CN\left\{ x+\left( c-x \right) \right\} }{ 2 } \\ \\ =\frac { CN\cdot c }{ 2 }$

Because of SOH CAH TOA, what we can also say is that:

$\sin { \left( A \right) } =\frac { O }{ H } =\frac { CN }{ b } \\ \\ \therefore \quad b\cdot \sin { \left( A \right) } =CN\\ \\ \sin { \left( B \right) =\frac { O }{ H } } =\frac { CN }{ a } \\ \\ \therefore \quad a\cdot \sin { \left( B \right) } =CN$

Now because:

$A=\frac { CN\cdot c }{ 2 }$

This ultimately means that:

$A=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } bc\cdot \sin { \left( A \right) } \\ \\ A=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } ac\cdot \sin { \left( B \right) } \\ \\ \therefore \quad A=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } bc\cdot \sin { \left( A \right) =\frac { 1 }{ 2 } ac } \cdot \sin { \left( B \right) }$

Alright, so far so good… Now we must put the icing on the cake and attach the final piece of the jigsaw puzzle to the formula above. In order to find the three equations which can be used to find the areas of triangles, we must now discover the expression for sin(C). We can discover its expression by first saying that:

$C=\left( 90-A \right) +\left( 90-B \right) \\ \\ =90-A+90-B\\ \\ =180-A-B\\ \\ =180-\left( A+B \right) \\ \\ \therefore \quad \sin { \left( C \right) } =\sin { \left( 180-\left( A+B \right) \right) }$

And if we use the trigonometric identity below:

$\sin { \left( \alpha -\beta \right) } =\sin { \left( \alpha \right) \cdot \cos { { \left( \beta \right) } } -\cos { \left( \alpha \right) \cdot \sin { \left( \beta \right) } } }$

We will reach the conclusion:

$\sin { \left( 180-\left( A+B \right) \right) } =\sin { \left( 180 \right) \cdot \cos { \left( A+B \right) -\cos { \left( 180 \right) \cdot \sin { \left( A+B \right) } } } }$

But because:

$\sin { \left( 180 \right) =0 } ,\quad \cos { \left( 180 \right) =-1 } \\ \\ \sin { \left( 180-\left( A+B \right) \right) =-\left( -1 \right) \cdot \sin { \left( A+B \right) } } \\ \\ \therefore \quad \sin { \left( C \right) =\sin { \left( A+B \right) } }$

Now, sin(A+B) as a trigonometric identity, is:

$\sin { \left( A+B \right) =\sin { \left( A \right) \cdot \cos { \left( B \right) +\cos { \left( A \right) \cdot \sin { \left( B \right) } } } } }$

And, thanks to SOH CAH TOA…

$\sin { \left( A+B \right) =\sin { \left( C \right) } } \\ \\ \sin { \left( A \right) =\frac { CN }{ b } } \\ \\ \cos { \left( B \right) =\frac { A }{ H } } =\frac { \left( c-x \right) }{ a } \\ \\ \cos { \left( A \right) =\frac { A }{ H } =\frac { x }{ b } } \\ \\ \sin { \left( B \right) =\frac { CN }{ a } }$

Which means that…

$\sin { \left( C \right) =\frac { CN }{ b } \cdot \frac { \left( c-x \right) }{ a } +\frac { x }{ b } \cdot \frac { CN }{ a } } \\ \\ =\frac { CN\left( c-x \right) }{ ab } +\frac { CN\cdot x }{ ab } \\ \\ =\frac { CN\left( c-x \right) +CN\cdot x }{ ab } \\ \\ =\frac { CN\left\{ \left( c-x \right) +x \right\} }{ ab } \\ \\ =\frac { CN\cdot c }{ ab } \\ \\ \therefore \quad ab\cdot \sin { \left( C \right) =CN\cdot c } \\ \\ \therefore \quad \frac { 1 }{ 2 } ab\cdot \sin { \left( C \right) =\frac { CN\cdot c }{ 2 } =A }$

As this is the case, we can conclude that:

$A=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } bc\cdot \sin { \left( A \right) } =\frac { 1 }{ 2 } ac\cdot \sin { \left( B \right) =\frac { 1 }{ 2 } } ab\cdot \sin { \left( C \right) }$

# Coded Data Proofs: Mean & Standard Deviation, y=x/k + C

Coded Data Proofs (4):

Say that: y=x/k + C

And that: x={p, q} and y={p/k+C, q/k+C}

If this is the case:

$\frac { \Sigma y }{ n } =\frac { \frac { p }{ k } +C+\left\{ \frac { q }{ k } +C \right\} }{ n } \\ \\ =\frac { \frac { p }{ k } +\frac { q }{ k } +nC }{ n } \\ \\ =\frac { \frac { 1 }{ k } \left( p+q \right) +nC }{ n } \\ \\ =\frac { \frac { 1 }{ k } \left( p+q \right) }{ n } +\frac { nC }{ n } \\ \\ =\frac { 1 }{ k } \cdot \frac { \Sigma x }{ n } +C$

And also:

$\frac { \Sigma { y }^{ 2 } }{ n } =\frac { { \left( \frac { p }{ k } +C \right) }^{ 2 }+{ \left( \frac { q }{ k } +C \right) }^{ 2 } }{ n } \\ \\ =\frac { \left( \frac { p }{ k } +C \right) \left( \frac { p }{ k } +C \right) +\left( \frac { q }{ k } +C \right) \left( \frac { q }{ k } +C \right) }{ n } \\ \\ =\frac { \frac { { p }^{ 2 } }{ { k }^{ 2 } } +n\cdot \frac { p }{ k } \cdot C+{ C }^{ 2 }+\left\{ \frac { { q }^{ 2 } }{ { k }^{ 2 } } +n\cdot \frac { q }{ k } \cdot C+{ C }^{ 2 } \right\} }{ n } \\ \\ =\frac { \frac { { p }^{ 2 } }{ { k }^{ 2 } } +\frac { { q }^{ 2 } }{ { k }^{ 2 } } +n\cdot \frac { 1 }{ k } \cdot C\left( p+q \right) +n{ C }^{ 2 } }{ n } \\ \\ =\frac { \frac { 1 }{ { k }^{ 2 } } \left( { p }^{ 2 }+{ q }^{ 2 } \right) +n\cdot \frac { 1 }{ k } \cdot C\left( p+q \right) +n{ C }^{ 2 } }{ n } \\ \\ =\frac { \frac { 1 }{ { k }^{ 2 } } \left( { p }^{ 2 }+{ q }^{ 2 } \right) }{ n } +\frac { n\cdot \frac { 1 }{ k } \cdot C\left( p+q \right) }{ n } +\frac { n{ C }^{ 2 } }{ n } \\ \\ =\frac { 1 }{ { k }^{ 2 } } \cdot \frac { \Sigma { x }^{ 2 } }{ n } +\frac { 1 }{ k } \cdot C\cdot \Sigma x+{ C }^{ 2 }$

Therefore, you’d have to say that:

${ \sigma }_{ y }=\sqrt { \frac { \Sigma { y }^{ 2 } }{ n } -{ \left( \frac { \Sigma y }{ n } \right) }^{ 2 } } \\ \\ =\sqrt { \frac { 1 }{ { k }^{ 2 } } \cdot \frac { \Sigma { x }^{ 2 } }{ n } +\frac { 1 }{ k } \cdot C\cdot \Sigma x+{ C }^{ 2 }-{ \left( \frac { 1 }{ k } \cdot \frac { \Sigma x }{ n } +C \right) }^{ 2 } } \\ \\ =\sqrt { \frac { 1 }{ { k }^{ 2 } } \cdot \frac { \Sigma { x }^{ 2 } }{ n } +\frac { 1 }{ k } \cdot C\cdot \Sigma x+{ C }^{ 2 }-\left\{ \frac { 1 }{ { k }^{ 2 } } \cdot { \left( \frac { \Sigma x }{ n } \right) }^{ 2 }+n\cdot \frac { 1 }{ k } \cdot \frac { \Sigma x }{ n } \cdot C+{ C }^{ 2 } \right\} } \\ \\ =\sqrt { \frac { 1 }{ { k }^{ 2 } } \cdot \frac { \Sigma { x }^{ 2 } }{ n } +\frac { 1 }{ k } \cdot C\cdot \Sigma x+{ C }^{ 2 }-\frac { 1 }{ { k }^{ 2 } } \cdot { \left( \frac { \Sigma x }{ n } \right) }^{ 2 }-\frac { 1 }{ k } \cdot C\cdot \Sigma x-{ C }^{ 2 } } \\ \\ =\sqrt { \frac { 1 }{ { k }^{ 2 } } \cdot \frac { \Sigma { x }^{ 2 } }{ n } -\frac { 1 }{ { k }^{ 2 } } \cdot { \left( \frac { \Sigma x }{ n } \right) }^{ 2 } } \\ \\ =\sqrt { \frac { 1 }{ { k }^{ 2 } } \left\{ \frac { \Sigma { x }^{ 2 } }{ n } -{ \left( \frac { \Sigma x }{ n } \right) }^{ 2 } \right\} } \\ \\ =\sqrt { \frac { 1 }{ { k }^{ 2 } } } \cdot \sqrt { \frac { \Sigma { x }^{ 2 } }{ n } -{ \left( \frac { \Sigma x }{ n } \right) }^{ 2 } } \\ \\ =\frac { 1 }{ k } \cdot { \sigma }_{ x }$

# Coded Data Proofs: Mean & Standard Deviation, y=kx+C

Coded Data Proofs (3):

Say y=kx+C and also that:

x={p, q} and y={kp+C, kq+C}

This would mean that:

$\frac { \Sigma y }{ n } =\frac { kp+C+\left\{ kq+C \right\} }{ n } \\ \\ =\frac { kp+kq+nC }{ n } \\ \\ =\frac { k\left( p+q \right) +nC }{ n } \\ \\ =\frac { k\left( p+q \right) }{ n } +\frac { nC }{ n } \\ \\ =k\cdot \frac { \Sigma x }{ n } +C$

And if the above is true:

$\frac { \Sigma { y }^{ 2 } }{ n } =\frac { { \left( kp+C \right) }^{ 2 }+{ \left( kq+C \right) }^{ 2 } }{ n } \\ \\ =\frac { \left( kp+C \right) \left( kp+C \right) +\left( kq+C \right) \left( kq+C \right) }{ n } \\ \\ =\frac { { k }^{ 2 }{ p }^{ 2 }+nkpC+{ C }^{ 2 }+\left\{ { k }^{ 2 }{ q }^{ 2 }+nkqC+{ C }^{ 2 } \right\} }{ n } \\ \\ =\frac { { k }^{ 2 }{ p }^{ 2 }+{ k }^{ 2 }{ q }^{ 2 }+nkC\left( p+q \right) +n{ C }^{ 2 } }{ n } \\ \\ =\frac { { k }^{ 2 }\left( { p }^{ 2 }+{ q }^{ 2 } \right) +nkC\left( p+q \right) +n{ C }^{ 2 } }{ n } \\ \\ =\frac { { k }^{ 2 }\left( { p }^{ 2 }+{ q }^{ 2 } \right) }{ n } +\frac { nkC\left( p+q \right) }{ n } +\frac { n{ C }^{ 2 } }{ n } \\ \\ ={ k }^{ 2 }\cdot \frac { \Sigma { x }^{ 2 } }{ n } +kC\cdot \Sigma x+{ C }^{ 2 }\\ \\ ={ k }^{ 2 }\cdot \frac { \Sigma { x }^{ 2 } }{ n } +C\left( k\cdot \Sigma x+C \right)$

Therefore:

${ \sigma }_{ y }=\sqrt { \frac { \Sigma { y }^{ 2 } }{ n } -{ \left( \frac { \Sigma y }{ n } \right) }^{ 2 } } \\ \\ =\sqrt { { k }^{ 2 }\cdot \frac { \Sigma { x }^{ 2 } }{ n } +C\left( k\cdot \Sigma x+C \right) -{ \left( k\cdot \frac { \Sigma x }{ n } +C \right) }^{ 2 } } \\ \\ =\sqrt { { k }^{ 2 }\cdot \frac { \Sigma { x }^{ 2 } }{ n } +C\left( k\cdot \Sigma x+C \right) -\left( k\cdot \frac { \Sigma x }{ n } +C \right) \left( k\cdot \frac { \Sigma x }{ n } +C \right) } \\ \\ =\sqrt { { k }^{ 2 }\cdot \frac { \Sigma { x }^{ 2 } }{ n } +C\left( k\cdot \Sigma x+C \right) -\left\{ { k }^{ 2 }\cdot { \left( \frac { \Sigma x }{ n } \right) }^{ 2 }+nkC\cdot \frac { \Sigma x }{ n } +{ C }^{ 2 } \right\} } \\ \\ =\sqrt { { k }^{ 2 }\cdot \frac { \Sigma { x }^{ 2 } }{ n } +C\left( k\cdot \Sigma x+C \right) -{ k }^{ 2 }\cdot { \left( \frac { \Sigma x }{ n } \right) }^{ 2 }-nkC\cdot \frac { \Sigma x }{ n } -{ C }^{ 2 } } \\ \\ =\sqrt { { k }^{ 2 }\cdot \frac { \Sigma { x }^{ 2 } }{ n } +C\left( k\cdot \Sigma x+C \right) -{ k }^{ 2 }\cdot { \left( \frac { \Sigma x }{ n } \right) }^{ 2 }-kC\cdot \Sigma x-{ C }^{ 2 } } \\ \\ =\sqrt { { k }^{ 2 }\cdot \frac { \Sigma { x }^{ 2 } }{ n } +C\left( k\cdot \Sigma x+C \right) -{ k }^{ 2 }\cdot { \left( \frac { \Sigma x }{ n } \right) }^{ 2 }-C\left( k\cdot \Sigma x+C \right) } \\ \\ =\sqrt { { k }^{ 2 }\cdot \frac { \Sigma { x }^{ 2 } }{ n } -{ k }^{ 2 }\cdot { \left( \frac { \Sigma x }{ n } \right) }^{ 2 } } \\ \\ =\sqrt { { k }^{ 2 }\left\{ \frac { \Sigma { x }^{ 2 } }{ n } -{ \left( \frac { \Sigma x }{ n } \right) }^{ 2 } \right\} } \\ \\ =\sqrt { { k }^{ 2 } } \cdot \sqrt { \frac { \Sigma { x }^{ 2 } }{ n } -{ \left( \frac { \Sigma x }{ n } \right) }^{ 2 } } \\ \\ =k\cdot { \sigma }_{ x }$

# Coded Data Proofs: Mean & Standard Deviation, y=x/k

Coded Data Poofs (2):

Say y=x/k and that: x={p, q}, y={p/k, q/k}.

This would mean that:

$\frac { \Sigma y }{ n } =\frac { \frac { p }{ k } +\frac { q }{ k } }{ n } \\ \\ =\frac { \frac { 1 }{ k } \left( p+q \right) }{ n } \\ \\ =\frac { 1 }{ k } \cdot \frac { \left( p+q \right) }{ n } \\ \\ =\frac { 1 }{ k } \cdot \frac { \Sigma x }{ n } \\$

It would also mean that:

$\frac { \Sigma { y }^{ 2 } }{ n } =\frac { { \left( \frac { p }{ k } \right) }^{ 2 }+{ \left( \frac { q }{ k } \right) }^{ 2 } }{ n } \\ \\ =\frac { \frac { { p }^{ 2 } }{ { k }^{ 2 } } +\frac { { q }^{ 2 } }{ { k }^{ 2 } } }{ n } \\ \\ =\frac { \frac { 1 }{ { k }^{ 2 } } \left( { p }^{ 2 }+{ q }^{ 2 } \right) }{ n } \\ \\ =\frac { 1 }{ { k }^{ 2 } } \cdot \frac { \left( { p }^{ 2 }+{ q }^{ 2 } \right) }{ n } \\ \\ =\frac { 1 }{ { k }^{ 2 } } \cdot \frac { \Sigma { x }^{ 2 } }{ n } \\$

And if the above is true:

${ \sigma }_{ y }=\sqrt { \frac { \Sigma { y }^{ 2 } }{ n } -{ \left( \frac { \Sigma y }{ n } \right) }^{ 2 } } \\ \\ =\sqrt { \frac { 1 }{ { k }^{ 2 } } \cdot \frac { \Sigma { x }^{ 2 } }{ n } -{ \left( \frac { 1 }{ k } \cdot \frac { \Sigma x }{ n } \right) }^{ 2 } } \\ \\ =\sqrt { \frac { 1 }{ { k }^{ 2 } } \cdot \frac { \Sigma { x }^{ 2 } }{ n } -\frac { 1 }{ { k }^{ 2 } } \cdot { \left( \frac { \Sigma x }{ n } \right) }^{ 2 } } \\ \\ =\sqrt { \frac { 1 }{ { k }^{ 2 } } \left( \frac { \Sigma { x }^{ 2 } }{ n } -{ \left\{ \frac { \Sigma x }{ n } \right\} }^{ 2 } \right) } \\ \\ =\sqrt { \frac { 1 }{ { k }^{ 2 } } } \cdot \sqrt { \frac { \Sigma { x }^{ 2 } }{ n } -{ \left( \frac { \Sigma x }{ n } \right) }^{ 2 } } \\ \\ =\frac { 1 }{ k } \cdot { \sigma }_{ x }\\$

# Coded Data Proofs, Mean & Standard Deviation: y=kx

Coded Data Proofs (1):

Say y=kx, and also that: x={p, q}, y={kp, kq}.

This would mean that:

$\frac { \Sigma y }{ n } =\frac { kp+kq }{ n } \\ \\ =\frac { k\left( p+q \right) }{ n } \\ \\ =k\cdot \frac { \Sigma x }{ n } \\$

Therefore, when y=kx:

$\frac { \Sigma y }{ n } =k\cdot \frac { \Sigma x }{ n } \\$

What we’d also be able to conclude is that:

$\frac { \Sigma { y }^{ 2 } }{ n } =\frac { { \left( kp \right) }^{ 2 }+{ \left( kq \right) }^{ 2 } }{ n } \\ \\ =\frac { { k }^{ 2 }{ p }^{ 2 }+{ k }^{ 2 }{ q }^{ 2 } }{ n } \\ \\ =\frac { { k }^{ 2 }\left( { p }^{ 2 }+{ q }^{ 2 } \right) }{ n } \\ \\ ={ k }^{ 2 }\cdot \frac { \Sigma { x }^{ 2 } }{ n } \\$

When considering the above, we can deduce that:

${ \sigma }_{ y }=\sqrt { \frac { \Sigma { y }^{ 2 } }{ n } -{ \left( \frac { \Sigma y }{ n } \right) }^{ 2 } } \\ \\ =\sqrt { { k }^{ 2 }\cdot \frac { \Sigma { x }^{ 2 } }{ n } -{ \left( k\cdot \frac { \Sigma x }{ n } \right) }^{ 2 } } \\ \\ =\sqrt { { k }^{ 2 }\cdot \frac { \Sigma { x }^{ 2 } }{ n } -{ k }^{ 2 }\cdot { \left( \frac { \Sigma x }{ n } \right) }^{ 2 } } \\ \\ =\sqrt { { k }^{ 2 }\left( \frac { \Sigma { x }^{ 2 } }{ n } -{ \left\{ \frac { \Sigma x }{ n } \right\} }^{ 2 } \right) } \\ \\ =\sqrt { { k }^{ 2 } } \cdot \sqrt { \frac { \Sigma { x }^{ 2 } }{ n } -{ \left( \frac { \Sigma x }{ n } \right) }^{ 2 } } \\ \\ =k\cdot { \sigma }_{ x }\\$

Therefore, when y=kx:

${ \sigma }_{ y }=k\cdot { \sigma }_{ x }\\$

# Further Pure Maths: Complex Number Proof (1)

In this post, I’ll be proving that: $\left| { z }_{ 1 }\cdot { z }_{ 2 } \right| =\left| { z }_{ 1 } \right| \left| { z }_{ 2 } \right|$

First of all, let’s say that:

${ z }_{ 1 }=x+iy$

Whereby, $\left\{ x\in R,\quad y\in R \right\}$.

And also that:

${ z }_{ 2 }=p+iq$

Whereby, $\left\{ p\in R,\quad q\in R \right\}$.

If this is the case, this means that:

${ z }_{ 1 }\cdot { z }_{ 2 }=\left( x+iy \right) \left( p+iq \right) \\ \\ =px+iqx+ipy+{ i }^{ 2 }qy\\ \\ =px-qy+i\left( qx+py \right)$

Therefore:

$LHS\\ \\ =\left| { z }_{ 1 }\cdot { z }_{ 2 } \right| \\ \\ =\sqrt { { \left( px-qy \right) }^{ 2 }+{ \left( qx+py \right) }^{ 2 } } \\ \\ =\sqrt { \left( px-qy \right) \left( px-qy \right) +\left( qx+py \right) \left( qx+py \right) } \\ \\ =\sqrt { { p }^{ 2 }{ x }^{ 2 }-2pqxy+{ q }^{ 2 }{ y }^{ 2 }+\left\{ { q }^{ 2 }{ x }^{ 2 }+2pqxy+{ p }^{ 2 }{ y }^{ 2 } \right\} } \\ \\ =\sqrt { { p }^{ 2 }{ x }^{ 2 }+{ q }^{ 2 }{ y }^{ 2 }+{ q }^{ 2 }{ x }^{ 2 }+{ p }^{ 2 }{ y }^{ 2 } } \\ \\ =\sqrt { \left( { x }^{ 2 }+{ y }^{ 2 } \right) \left( { p }^{ 2 }+{ q }^{ 2 } \right) } \\ \\ =\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }+{ y }^{ 2 } } \cdot \sqrt { { p }^{ 2 }+{ q }^{ 2 } } \\ \\ =\left| { z }_{ 1 } \right| \left| { z }_{ 2 } \right| \\ \\ =RHS$

Hence we’ve proven that:

$\left| { z }_{ 1 }\cdot { z }_{ 2 } \right| =\left| { z }_{ 1 } \right| \left| { z }_{ 2 } \right|$

# How to derive the formula for the area of an equilateral triangle

In this post I’ll be showing you how to derive the formula for the area of an equilateral triangle – in easy steps. In order to understand this derivation properly, you need to be familiar with Pythagoras’ theorem and also a few algebraic rules. What you’ll also need is a ruler, pair of compasses, a pencil and a sheet of paper.

Ready? Let me begin…

Step 1: Put a point on a blank sheet of paper and name it A.

Step 2: Put the needle of your compass on the point A and draw a circle around it.

Step 3: Add a point B to this circle, on its edge.

Step 4: Put the needle of your compass on the point B and your pencil on the point A.

Step 5: Draw another circle with a radius the length AB.

Step 6: Now add a few extra points to your drawing. Call these points C and D.

Step 7: Connect the points A, B and C forming a triangle.

Step 8: Draw a line going through the points C and D.

Step 9: Where the line going through C and D intersects the triangle, place the point E.

Step 10: Now look at your latest work very carefully… What you will notice is that the lengths AB, AC and BC are all equal to one another. This is because both the circles you drew – are exactly the same size. They each have radiuses equal in proportion. In simple terms, AB=AC=BC.

What you have to do now is name these lengths (r) for radius. Here’s the thing though, because the line going through C and D splits the triangle (equilateral, as each of its sides has the same length) down its middle, the length AE is equal to 1/2 x r, and similarly the length BE is equal to 1/2 x r. Together, the length AE + BE = AB = r.

Step 11: Remember that I said that the line going through C and D splits the triangle down its middle. Also, notice that this exact line is perpendicular to the length AB. Now, because of this, at the point E, you’ve got two right angles. Name these two right angles big R.

[Knowing that these two angles are equal to 90 degrees is vital – because you’ll be able to use Pythagoras’ theorem to find the length CE.]

Step 12: Find the length CE using Pythagoras’ theorem, Adjacent² + Opposite² = Hypotenuse². You will need this length to find the area of the equilateral triangle you’ve produced.

*Algebraic skills will be required from this point…

${ AE }^{ 2 }+{ CE }^{ 2 }={ AC }^{ 2 }\\ \\ \Rightarrow \quad { \left( \frac { 1 }{ 2 } r \right) }^{ 2 }+{ CE }^{ 2 }={ r }^{ 2 }\\ \\ \Rightarrow \quad { CE }^{ 2 }={ r }^{ 2 }-{ \left( \frac { 1 }{ 2 } r \right) }^{ 2 }\\ \\ \Rightarrow \quad { CE }^{ 2 }=\frac { 4r^{ 2 } }{ 4 } -\frac { { r }^{ 2 } }{ 4 } \\ \\ \Rightarrow \quad { CE }^{ 2 }=\frac { 3{ r }^{ 2 } }{ 4 } \\ \\ \Rightarrow \quad CE=\sqrt { \frac { 3{ r }^{ 2 } }{ 4 } } \\ \\ \therefore \quad CE=\frac { r\sqrt { 3 } }{ 2 }$

Step 13: Derive the formula for the area (A) of the equilateral triangle. Remember that the area of a right angled triangle is L x W x 1/2.

$A=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } r\cdot \frac { r\sqrt { 3 } }{ 2 } \cdot \frac { 1 }{ 2 } +\frac { 1 }{ 2 } r\cdot \frac { r\sqrt { 3 } }{ 2 } \cdot \frac { 1 }{ 2 } \\ \\ =\frac { 1 }{ 8 } { r }^{ 2 }\sqrt { 3 } +\frac { 1 }{ 8 } { r }^{ 2 }\sqrt { 3 } \\ \\ =2\cdot \frac { 1 }{ 8 } { r }^{ 2 }\sqrt { 3 } \\ \\ =\frac { 1 }{ 4 } { r }^{ 2 }\sqrt { 3 }$

Presto!!! Keep in mind that you can transform the variable (r) into any variable you wish. This variable (r) is the length of each side of the equilateral triangle you were working with. The formula you’ve derived can be used to find the area of any equilateral triangle.

# How to prove that sin(A-B)=sin(A)cos(B)-cos(A)sin(B) geometrically

In this post I’ll be demonstrating how one can prove that sin(A-B)=sin(A)cos(B)-cos(A)sin(B) geometrically…

First of all, let me show you this diagram…

sin(A-B)=sin(A)cos(B)-cos(A)sin(B) proof

*If you click on the diagram, you will be able to see its full size version.

IMPORTANT FACTS ABOUT THE DIAGRAM

Now, to begin with, I will have to write about some of the properties related to the diagram…

Property 1:

Angle B + (A – B) = B + A – B = A

Therefore, angle POR = A.

Property 2:

Angle OPS = 90 degrees

Property 3:

Length OS = 1

Also note:

All angles within a triangle on a flat plane should add up to 180 degrees. If you understand this rule, you will be able to discover why the angles shown on the diagram are correct. Angles which are 90 degrees are shown on the diagram too.

PROVING THAT SIN(A-B)=SIN(A)COS(B)-COS(A)SIN(B)

Since I’ve noted down some of the important properties related to the diagram, I can now focus on demonstrating why the formula above is true. I will demonstrate why the formula above is true using mathematics and the SOH CAH TOA rule…

$\sin { \left( A-B \right) } =\frac { O }{ H } =\frac { ST }{ 1 } =ST$

But it turns out that…

$ST=PR-PQ$

Because:

$QR=ST$

Now, what is PR and what is PQ?

$\sin { \left( B \right) } =\frac { O }{ H } =\frac { PS }{ 1 } =PS\\ \\ \cos { \left( B \right) } =\frac { A }{ H } =\frac { OP }{ 1 } =OP\\ \\ \sin { \left( A \right) } =\frac { O }{ H } =\frac { PR }{ \cos { \left( B \right) } } \quad \\ \\ \therefore \quad \sin { \left( A \right) } \cos { \left( B \right) } =PR\\ \\ \cos { \left( A \right) } =\frac { A }{ H } =\frac { PQ }{ \sin { \left( B \right) } } \\ \\ \therefore \quad \cos { \left( A \right) } \sin { \left( B \right) } =PQ$

And finally, to sum it all up:

$ST=PR-PQ\\ \\ \therefore \quad \sin { \left( A-B \right) =\sin { \left( A \right) } \cos { \left( B \right) } -\cos { \left( A \right) } \sin { \left( B \right) } }$

Need a better explanation? Watch this video…

Related Videos:

Related posts:

Simple But Elegant Way To Prove That sin(A+B)=sinAcosB+cosAsinB (Edexcel Proof Simplified)

# The quickest Sine Rule proof

In this post I’ll be demonstrating how to prove that the Sine Rule is true in the quickest manner possible.

First of all, let’s begin with writing down the 3 formulas which can be used to find the area of a triangle:

$A=\frac { b\cdot c\cdot \sin { \left( A \right) } }{ 2 }$

$A=\frac { a\cdot c\cdot \sin { \left( B \right) } }{ 2 }$

$A=\frac { a\cdot b\cdot \sin { \left( C \right) } }{ 2 }$

Now, let’s make the first two formulas above equivalent to one another…

$\frac { b\cdot c\cdot \sin { \left( A \right) } }{ 2 } =\frac { a\cdot c\cdot \sin { \left( B \right) } }{ 2 }$

Alright, now watch what happens when we multiply both sides of the equation by a handy expression…

$\frac { b\cdot c\cdot \sin { \left( A \right) } }{ 2 } \cdot \frac { 2 }{ c\cdot \sin { \left( A \right) } \cdot \sin { \left( B \right) } } =\frac { a\cdot c\cdot \sin { \left( B \right) } }{ 2 } \cdot \frac { 2 }{ c\cdot \sin { \left( A \right) \cdot \sin { \left( B \right) } } }$

If we do this, what we’re going to be left with is…

$\frac { b }{ \sin { \left( B \right) } } =\frac { a }{ \sin { \left( A \right) } }$

So far so good! Let’s now make these two area formulas equivalent to one another…

$\frac { a\cdot c\cdot \sin { \left( B \right) } }{ 2 } =\frac { a\cdot b\cdot \sin { \left( C \right) } }{ 2 }$

And now, let’s multiply both sides of the equation we’ve just created by a handy expression…

$\frac { a\cdot c\cdot \sin { \left( B \right) } }{ 2 } \cdot \frac { 2 }{ a\cdot \sin { \left( B \right) } \cdot \sin { \left( C \right) } } =\frac { a\cdot b\cdot \sin { \left( C \right) } }{ 2 } \cdot \frac { 2 }{ a\cdot \sin { \left( B \right) } \cdot \sin { \left( C \right) } }$

If we do this, what we’re going to be left with is…

$\frac { c }{ \sin { \left( C \right) } } =\frac { b }{ \sin { \left( B \right) } }$

And it turns out, because:

$\frac { b }{ \sin { \left( B \right) } } =\frac { a }{ \sin { \left( A \right) } }$

$\frac { c }{ \sin { \left( C \right) } } =\frac { b }{ \sin { \left( B \right) } }$

We can say that:

$\frac { a }{ \sin { \left( A \right) } } =\frac { b }{ \sin { \left( B \right) } } =\frac { c }{ \sin { \left( C \right) } }$

I’ve made a video related to this Sine Rule proof. You can watch it below if you wish.

Hope you enjoyed reading this post! 🙂

# Cosine Rule Mastery – PDF Download

You can now find out how to derive the 3 main cosine rule formulas through a new document that I’ve created called “Cosine Rule Mastery“.

This document can be downloaded free of charge along with “Sine Rule Mastery” which is another document that explains in detail how to come up with the sine rule formula.